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Kubernetes Basics for Beginners on NexoraHost – Container Orchestration
Quick answer: Kubernetes orchestrates containers (pods, deployments, services). On a VPS start with k3s – full K8s is overkill for most setups.
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Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Do I need Kubernetes or is Docker Compose enough?
Docker Compose: up to ~50 containers, 1-3 servers. Kubernetes: from 50+ microservices, multi-region, high-availability. For beginners: compose. If you scale: K8s. Alternative: k3s (lightweight K8s).
k3s vs. minikube vs. full Kubernetes – which for NexoraHost?
minikube: local development only. k3s: production-ready, 50MB, perfect for NexoraHost. Full K8s: overkill for <100 cluster nodes. Recommendation: k3s for beginners.
How do I install k3s on NexoraHost root server?
1. `curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | sh -`, 2. `/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml` for kubectl config, 3. `kubectl get nodes`, 4. start first deployment. Total: 10 minutes setup.
Kubernetes pods – what exactly is that?
Pod = smallest K8s unit, typically 1 container. Multiple containers possible (sidecar pattern). Ephemeral (short-lived). Replicas for redundancy. Services expose pods.
Deployments & ReplicaSets – automatic scaling?
Deployment: define desired state (e.g., 3 replicas). ReplicaSet: ensures number of pods running. If pod crashes: auto-restart. Rolling update: start new version, shutdown old = zero-downtime.
Services & Ingress – how do I expose K8s apps externally?
Service: internal networking, stable IP. ClusterIP: internal only. NodePort: expose on port. LoadBalancer: external IP. Ingress: layer 7 routing, domains, SSL. Best: Nginx-Ingress + cert-manager for SSL.
Kubernetes persistent storage – volumes, StatefulSets?
Volumes: ephemeral (deleted with pod). PersistentVolume + PersistentVolumeClaim: permanent. StatefulSets: for databases/caches, pods have stable names. Setup: NFS or block storage.
Monitoring in Kubernetes – Prometheus, Grafana?
Prometheus: collect metrics. Grafana: visualization. Helm chart: automate everything. Alerts: on pod crashes, resource limits. Logging: EFK stack (Elasticsearch, Fluentd, Kibana) or Loki.
Helm – Kubernetes package manager – why use it?
Helm charts: templated K8s YAML, reusable. `helm install nginx stable/nginx` instead of 100 lines YAML. Best practice: chart for each app. Repository: Artifact Hub for free charts.
Does Kubernetes cost a lot? K8s on smaller servers?
Software: free. Infrastructure: your VPS/root server costs. k3s on 4GB VPS: ~€100/month. With 100 microservices more efficient than 100 VPS (each €100). At scale K8s saves money.
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